Sixth Century India & Persia
Chess originated in 6th century India, where it was called "Chaturanga." According to this article from Scientific Origin, "Chaturanga translates to "the four divisions of the military," referring to the infantry, cavalry, elephant, and chariots" (Scientific Origin) units. This early adaptation of what we now know as Chess, had the same basic goal—capture the opposing King. As this game became more popular, it eventually migrated through nearby Persia, where the name was changed to "Shatranj." This new name was derived from the words Shah, which means "King" and Sha Mat, which means "the King is helpless." These terms were later translated to mean to "check" and "checkmate." During this period in Persia, the game evolved and became more tactical as players started to play in a more calculated manner. It was also during this period that people began developing and writing early strategies, and the first written records of matches begin to appear. Lastly, Shatranj also led to the introduction of piece values where each unit had a different degree of importance on the board.

